By the end of World War II

Before the finish of World War II, the countries of Western Europe all confronted the weights of the post-war economies. If not completely decimated, a country was in disorder and required emotional reproduction. This is the place law based social orders stepped in; entertainment of durable government was essential to the recovery of Western European nations. Inside only a couple of years after the thrashing of Italy and Germany, the European half of the globe bobbed again into a more grounded, more effective society than any time in recent memory. Some call this the Golden Age of the European economy. As human life turned out to be increasingly intricate and hard to deal with, the administration needed to suit to the residents needs and needs. In view of the essential significance of the contemporary social structure, its administration had a vital significance in making the nations work. Europe was utilized to exacting authority over its kin and unpredictability in the manner they handles a nations undertakings was not acknowledged. Europe was an exceptional circumstance however, in light of the fact that it has a long record of customary social control forced over the person by aggregate specialists, particularly the state, and hierarchal strict organizations. Another difficult that was going on in present day Western Europe (pg.21, Crozier) the military developed in size a lot, West European military developed from forty-2,000 to very nearly eighty thousand inside five years after the Second World War. Particularly in the nation of France. With the activist gathering rising big ger than any time in recent memory, the administration was working!with more residents direct, by supporting the working military gathering. One of the principle pieces to making a cutting edge vote based system work was actuating the individuals to need to participate in the administration and have them endeavor to engage with the retouching of the cultural emergency. All post war European nations needed to live through the equivalent expensive circumstance of having to resto

Information and Communication Technology in Travel Agency

Question: Expound on theInformation and Communication Technology in Travel Agency. Answer: In this new universe of innovation, data innovation has been assessing step by step, which impactsly affect the movement organizations. Web has become an indispensable piece of the mankind of this new age, which could assume significant job in the day by day tasks of the cutting edge travel offices. Data and correspondence innovations (ICTs) totally depended on the web and dominant part of the populace are associated with the web these days (Mihajilovic, 2012). This suggestion could help in social affair more clients fascination and Following are the use and estimations of the data and correspondence innovation in the movement offices: It encourages in encouraging forward-thinking costs, item accessibility and the calendars for the clients. Development of Group choice emotionally supportive network (GDSs) and Customer Reporting Standard (CRSs) innovation helps in giving a component of successful reservation framework. Data and correspondence innovation can help make a trip offices in elevating to manufacture confused travel courses, which can help in drawing in more clients. Customize administrations Customer Relationship Management (CRM) framework can help the offices in following the exercises of the customers, which can be advantageous to satisfy the necessities of the clients and offer types of assistance as per the interest (Rubin, Lomazova Vander Aalst, 2014). The Front and Back office tasks have gotten increasingly incorporated by execution data and correspondence advances into the day by day activities of the movement organizations. Vital promoting and the executives can be practiced by actualizing ICTs in the framework (Xiang, Magnini Fesenmaier, 2015). It was being accounted for that usage of CRSs and GDSs was useful in expanding the profitability of the movement organizations, along these lines the greater part of the movement office can utilize it as an estimation and improvement device for the offices. Linkage to a specific conveyance divert can bring about conditions. Advances like Tourmanager, Bistro and numerous others, offer multi-provider and Global offers and value examination between the distinctive travel offices, which can be useful in dealing with the office its spending plan offering for the clients. It could help in assessing and ascertaining the very late offers, flights, lodging offers, and a minute ago offers. It can likewise be useful in giving sightseers nitty gritty data about the portrayal of the tasks that the office could offer them. Videotext frameworks is an innovation that can be utilized as a device by the movement organization so as to interface with the booking and database arrangement of the visit administrators, which isn't a lot of costly and dependable. This innovation improved the customary method of doing tasks. These qualities can be useful in improving the exhibition of the movement organizations and play out its every day activities in viable and effective way. Regardless of this focal points or estimations of ICTs in the movement office, there are sure impediments of this suggestion into the framework, which are; initially, this suggestion needs certain fundamental trainings for the representatives on the most proficient method to utilize these advances (Almunawar, Anshari Susanto, 2013). Also, Integration between the front and back office isn't a lot of compelling and solid. Reservation process framework is a lot of tedious. References: Almunawar, M. N., Anshari, M., Susanto, H. (2013). Creating techniques for manageability: how trip specialists ought to respond in confronting a disintermediation.Operational Research,13(3), 317-342. Mihajlovic, I. (2012). The effect of data and correspondence innovation (ICT) as a key factor of the travel industry improvement on the job of Croatian travel agencies.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(24). Rubin, V., Lomazova, I., van der Aalst, W. M. (2014, May). Dexterous advancement with programming process mining. InProceedings of the 2014 global gathering on programming and framework process(pp. 70-74). ACM. Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P., Fesenmaier, D. R. (2015). Data innovation and buyer conduct in movement and the travel industry: Insights from movement arranging utilizing the internet.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 244-249.

Shortcut paragraph main function

The wording of main function questions can be very misleading: after all, they inevitably ask about the main function of a paragraph in relation to the passage as a whole. The thing is, though, you dont really have to really have to deal with the entire passage when trying to answer them. You dont even have to deal with the entire paragraph thats being asked about. In general, you really only have to deal with a few key sentences: most often, the answer will be found in the  first two sentences of the paragraph in question, although in some cases you may need to back up and read the last sentence of the previous paragraph. As always, you should pay special attention to any major transition words (but, however, furthermore, etc.) or interesting forms of punctuation (semicolons, colons, quotation marks)   that indicate the relationship between the preceding idea and the current idea. To reiterate: The first sentence of the paragraph referred to in the question will often not give you the necessary information, so its important that you read the first two sentences. Normally the ACT asks about paragraphs that shift the focus from one idea to another, so be particularly on the lookout for anything that suggests contradiction. Lets look at an example: 2017/2018 practice test, section 3, question #16: One of the main purposes of the last paragraph is to state that the: F.  gashes in the rift valley continue to increase in width. G.  seafloor of Atlantic has cooled. H. entire Atlantic seafloor has issued from the gashes in the rift valley. J. volcanoes on Earth’s dry land have created the newest, youngest pieces of Atlantic seafloor. Strategy: The first thing were going to do is read the first two sentences of the last paragraph. We do not need to consider any other information. Yet, what had seemed so foreign to scientists is an integral part of earth’s very being, for at the ridge our own planet gives birth. The floor of the rift valley is torn; from the gashes has sprung the seafloor underlying all of Atlantic. Its important to stress here that we dont even need to know whats going on in the passage to determine the function of the last paragraph. The paragraph itself provides all the information we need. The first sentence doesnt offer a lot of help, but the second sentence is key (note the semicolon). It tells us that the seafloor of the entire Atlantic has sprung  from the floor of the rift valley, which is exactly what H says.

The Site Formation Processes in Archaeology

Site Formation Processes refers to the events that created and affected an archaeological site before, during, and after its occupation by humans. To gain the best possible understanding of an archaeological site, researchers collect evidence of the natural and cultural events that happened there. A good metaphor for an archaeological site is a palimpsest, a medieval manuscript that has been written on, erased and written over, again and again, and again. Archaeological sites are the remains of human behaviors, stone tools, house foundations, and garbage piles, left behind after the occupants leave. However, each site was created in a specific environment; lakeshore, mountainside, cave, grassy plain. Each site was used and modified by the occupants. Fires, houses, roads, cemeteries were built; farm fields were manured and plowed; feasts were held. Each site was eventually abandoned; as a result of climate change, flooding, disease. By the time the archaeologist arrives, the sites have lain abandoned for years or millennia, exposed to weather, animal burrowing, and human borrowing of the materials left behind. Site formation processes include all of that and quite a bit more. Natural Transforms As you might imagine, the nature and intensity of events that occurred at a site are highly variable. Archaeologist Michael B. Schiffer was the first to clearly articulate the concept in the 1980s, and he broadly divided site formations into the two major categories at work, natural and cultural transforms. Natural transforms are ongoing, and can be assigned to one of several broad categories; cultural ones can end, at abandonment or burial, but are infinite or close to it in their variety. Changes to a site caused by nature (Schiffer abbreviated them as N-Transforms) depend on the age of the site, the local climate (past and present), the location and setting, and the type and complexity of occupation. At prehistoric hunter-gatherer occupations, nature is the primary complicating element: mobile hunter-gatherers modify less of their local environment than do villagers or city dwellers. Types of Natural Transforms View of Point of Arches on the Ozette Reservation North of Cape Alava. John Fowler Pedogenesis, or the modification of mineral soils to incorporate organic elements, is an ongoing natural process. Soils constantly form and reform on exposed natural sediments, on human-made deposits, or on previously formed soils. Pedogenesis causes changes in color, texture, composition, and structure: in some cases, it creates immensely fertile soils such as terra preta, and Roman and medieval urban dark earth. Bioturbation, disturbance by plant, animal and insect life, is particularly difficult to account for, as shown by a number of experimental studies, most memorably with Barbara Boceks study of pocket gophers. She discovered that pocket gophers can repopulate the artifacts in a 1x2 meter pit backfilled by clean sand in the space of seven years. Site burial, the burial of a site by any number of natural forces, can have a positive effect on site preservation. Only a handful of cases are as well-preserved as the Roman site Pompeii: the Makah village of Ozette in Washington state in the US was buried by a mudflow about 1500 AD; the Maya site Joya de Ceren in El Salvador by ash deposits about 595 AD. More commonly, the flow of high- or low-energy water sources, lakes, rivers, streams, washes, disturb and/or bury archaeological sites. Chemical modifications are also a factor in site preservation. These include cementation of deposits by carbonate from groundwater, or iron precipitation/dissolution or diagenetic destruction of bone and organic materials; and the creation of secondary materials such as phosphates, carbonates, sulfates, and nitrates. Anthropogenic or Cultural Transforms The Pompeii of North America, Joya de Ceren, was buried in a volcanic eruption in August 595 CE. Ed Nellis Cultural transforms (C-Transforms) are far more complicated than natural transforms because they consist of a potentially infinite variety of activities. People build up (walls, plazas, kilns), dig down (trenches, wells, privies), set fires, plow and manure fields, and, worst of all (from an archaeological point of view) clean up after themselves. Investigating Site Formation To get a handle on all of these natural and cultural activities in the past that have blurred the site, archaeologists rely on an ever-growing group of research tools: the primary one is geoarchaeology. Geoarchaeology is a science allied with both physical geography and archaeology: it is concerned with understanding the physical setting of a site, including its position in the landscape, types of bedrock and Quaternary deposits, and the types of soils and sediments within and outside of the site. Geoarchaeological techniques are often carried out with the aid of satellite and aerial photography, maps (topographic, geological, soil survey, historical), as well as the suite of geophysical techniques such as magnetometry. Geoarchaeological Field Methods In the field, the geoarchaeologist conducts a systematic description of cross-sections and profiles, to reconstruct stratigraphic events, their vertical and lateral variations, in and outside of the context of archaeological remains. Sometimes, geoarchaeological field units are placed off-site, in locations where lithostratigraphic and pedological evidence can be collected. The geoarchaeologist studies the site surroundings, description and stratigraphic correlation of the natural and cultural units, as well as sampling in the field for later micromorphological analysis and dating. Some studies collect blocks of intact soils, vertical and horizontal samples from their investigations, to take back to the laboratory where more controlled processing can be conducted than in the field. Grain size analysis and more recently soil micromorphological techniques, including thin section analysis of undisturbed sediments, are conducted using a petrological microscope, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray analyses such as microprobe and x-ray diffraction, and Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Bulk chemical (organic matter, phosphate, trace elements) and physical (density, magnetic susceptibility) analyses are used to incorporate or determine individual processes. Formation Process Studies Restudy of Mesolithic sites in Sudan excavated in the 1940s was conducted using modern techniques. The 1940s archaeologists commented that aridity had affected the sites so badly that there was no evidence of hearths or buildings or even post-holes of buildings. The new study applied micromorphological techniques and they were able to discern evidence of all of these types of features at the sites (Salvatori and colleagues). Deep-water shipwreck (defined as shipwrecks more than 60 meters deep) site formation processes have shown that the deposit of a shipwreck is a function of heading, speed, time, and water depth and can be predicted and measured using a set basic of equations (Church). Formation process studies at the 2nd century BC Sardinian site of Pauli Stincus revealed evidence of agricultural methods, including the use of a sodbuster and slash and burn farming (Nicosia and colleagues). The microenvironments of Neolithic lake dwellings in northern Greece were studied, revealing a previously unidentified response to rising and falling lake levels, with the residents building on platforms on stilts or directly on the ground as needed (Karkanas and colleagues). Sources Aubry, Thierry, et al. Palaeoenvironmental Forcing During the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic Transition in Central-Western Portugal. Quaternary Research 75.1 (2011): 66-79. Print.Bertran, Pascal, et al. Experimental Archaeology in a Mid-Latitude Periglacial Context: Insight into Site Formation and Taphonomic Processes. Journal of Archaeological Science 57 (2015): 283-301. Print.Bocek, Barbara. The Jasper Ridge . American Antiquity 57.2 (1992): 261-69. Print.Reexcavation Experiment:  Rates of Artifact Mixing by RodentsChurch, Robert A. Deep-Water Shipwreck Initial Site Formation: The Equation of Site Distribution. Journal of Maritime Archaeology 9.1 (2014): 27-40. Print.Ismail-Meyer, Kristin, Philippe Rentzel, and Philipp Wiemann. Neolithic Lakeshore Settlements in Switzerland: New Insights on Site Formation Processes from Micromorphology. Geoarchaeology 28.4 (2013): 317-39. Print.Linstà ¤dter, J., et al. Chronostratigraphy, Site Formation Processes and Pollen Record of Ifri Netsedda, N e Morocco. Quaternary International 410, Part A (2016): 6-29. Print.Nicosia, Cristiano, et al. Land Use History and Site Formation Processes at the Punic Site of Pauli Stincus in West Central Sardinia. Geoarchaeology 28.4 (2013): 373-93. Print.

Gender And Sexuality Long Essay - 2508 Words

Meghan Kearney Gender and Sexuality Long Essay 4/14/15 The â€Å"50 Shades of Grey† franchise has blurred, or â€Å"grayed† the lines between what is considered acceptable and what is considered sexual abuse. This franchise demonstrated how the social construction of gender roles has played a powerful role in the prominence and reporting of rape, and how the media has come to influence sexual assault cases, it’s victims, and the perpetrators. The media has an interesting portrayal of male and females roles, particularly in film. One specific portrayal of male versus female sexuality was in the book and movie, â€Å"50 Shades of Grey†. In both reading the book and watching the movie, it became clear to me how the gender roles of Anastasia and Mr. Grey†¦show more content†¦The fact that Anastasia agrees to be a submissive and accepts her role just goes to show how engrained these social constructions of gender roles are within society. It has become normalized for the male to be in control and the fema le to just give in to this control and do anything to satisfy the male. While Anastasia is not technically raped at any part of the book or movie, she is assaulted and feels extremely uncomfortable with the situation she is in. Gender roles have been socially constructed, and this plays a major role in society’s expectations from males and females. Gender norms are expectations of how boys and girls should act, including everything from what they should wear, how emotional they should be, or whether they should be passive or aggressive. In â€Å"50 Shades of Grey†, Anastasia is portrayed as a woman with typical female attributes; she has a low self-esteem and is portrayed as weak and unable to care for herself, demonstrating that she needs a man to care for her. She is even forced to sign a contract that requires her to work out four times a week. I thought this was interesting because there is a certain way in which society expects women to look, and by adhering to a strict training schedule, she is forced to give into these expectations and have a fit body that is sexually appealing to men, and specifically Christian Grey who has taken control of just about every aspect of her life. Conflict theorists seem to believe that the social

The Chain Analysis Inbound Logistics on Apple Value

Question: Describe about the Report on Apples Value Chain Analysis for The Global Supply Chain? Answer: Introduction The term value chain mainly refers to the set of activities on the basis of which a company working in a particular industry can avail a competitive benefit to create the shareholder value. The concept of value chain was first introduced by Michael Porter which is at present is increasingly used by various firms to deliver valuable service or product in the market. It mainly comprises of five chain of activities mentioned below: Operations Inbound Logistics Sales and marketing Outbound Logistics Service These activities are not segregated from each other but affect the activity of one another (Jack M Wilson 2013). Supply Chain Management (inbound logistics at Apple) Apple is known for its design and innovation. Its supply chain model has occupied the top rank in the industry and mainly works in the following ways: Concept testing: It mainly includes conducting market research, conducting product diagnosing, assembling of data cost and identifying possible quality defects. R and D: It is based on developing latest technologies, acquiring the business of third party and acquisition of intellectual property licensing. Launch: It mainly emphasizes on resolving backlogs and making demand forecast till the period of 150 days. Quarterly Review: It usually focuses on reviewing inventory level, adjusting the forecast of demand, checking the status of the life cycle of the products, updating the status of latest product development, monitoring current levels of sales and trends of component costs (CS Canada 2013). Pre launch: It basically involves managing issues of production ramp, providing software to latest products, managing commitments of material purchase, raising of orders, determining launch quantity, providing proper levels of inventory and making prepayments to the suppliers. The supply chain activities of Apple not only ensure product quality but also make sure it caters to the requirements of the customers. But at the same time because of these chain of supply activities Apple can face problem in the global market in the event of any economic turmoil. Strength It helps Apple to focus on manufacturing world class products using innovative approaches. It replaces the requirement of innumerable warehouses with the centralized location of California. Weakness It can affect the company during the time of economic turmoil. Company is entirely dependent on its outsourcing partners for the supply of logistical services. Operations Operational management in Apple is mainly based on the following sub-heads mentioned below: Quality management Design of services and goods Capacity design and process Layout strategy and design Location strategy Human resources and job design Inventory management Management of supply chain Maintenance and Scheduling These operations management of Apple evaluate and monitor productivity through different criteria. Diverse activities and global size of the firm are translated to various benchmarks, criteria and standards fort productivity in various commercial areas of the company (IMANET n.d.). Certain productivity criteria in the operational management of Apple are: Productivity of the Apple stores Productivity of the Apply supply chain and supplier Productivity of every employee of the Apple for developing product. It is due to this operational management that Apple has been successful in setting high standards for its products in the market. However, it is because of this operational management it has failed to attract shareholders as it is not ready to share its chunk of its vast revenues with them (Descartes 2014). Strength Helps to maximize the capacity of the workforce to design and develop products. It helps in effective control and tracking of the products of the company. Weakness It prevents the entry of outsiders into its operating system. Not friendly with the share holders. Outbound Logistics Outbound Logistic activities of the company mainly involve storing the finished products in various warehouses and then distribute it in different corners of the world through third party vendors. With the help of this activity it has been easier for the company to store the bulk of its products ranging from iPhones, iPads, and so on in a safe and secured condition and then on the basis of demands these items are released in certain stocks to satisfy the demand of the customers. Strength It helps in smooth accessibility of products to the common users. Enables company to know about the latest choice of the customers. Weakness It makes firm entirely reliant on the third party vendors to ensure proper distribution of its products. Sometimes there is mismatch between ground reports and actual facts. Sales and marketing The marketing mix of Apple mainly denotes how the firm matches its commercial activities as per the condition of the market. It focuses on promotional activities which mainly include: Personal selling Advertising Public relations Sales promotion It uses optimum pricing strategy to sale its products. Though this ultimately involves heavy price of the products but it helps in maintaining the high standard of the firm along with its products. The major benefit of this strategy is that the firm is able to occupy the smaller market share comprising of upper middle classes only. The major disadvantage of such strategy is during any financial crisis it will be hard for it to shift its products to the market of lower income people (IIMB 2014). Strength It helps in developing brand awareness among the customers. It helps in reaching before the target segment of customers much easily. Weakness It can have a disturbing effect on the customers burdened with office works. Excessive advertisement can take a toll on the image of the company. References Jack M Wilson 2013, Apple The Global Supply Chain, retrieved on 4th February 2016 from https://www.jackmwilson.net/Cases/Case-Apple-Supplychain.pdf CS Canada 2013, A Strategic Analysis of Apple Computer Inc. Recommendations for the Future Direction, retrieved on 4th February 2016 from https://www.cscanada.net/index.php/mse/article/viewFile/j.mse.1913035X20130702.Z001/4304` SERC 2014, The Analysis of Strategic Management of Samsung Electronics Company through the Generic Value Chain Model, retrieved on 4th February 2016 from https://www.sersc.org/journals/IJSEIA/vol8_no12_2014/12.pdf Merage 2011, Capturing Value in Global Networks: Apples iPad and iPhone, retrieved on 4th February 2016 from https://pcic.merage.uci.edu/papers/2011/value_ipad_iphone.pdf IMANET, Value Chain Analysis for Assessing Competitive Advantage, retrieved on 4th February 2016 from https://www.imanet.org/docs/default-source/thought_leadership/management_control_systems/value_chain_analysis_for_assessing_competitive_advantage.pdf?sfvrsn=2 Descartes 2014, retrieved on 4th February 2016 from https://www.descartes.com/content/uploads/il_digital_june2014.pdf IFIP, Transforming Supply Chains in Digital Content Delivery: A Case Study in Apple, retrieved on 4th February 2016 from https://dl.ifip.org/db/conf/ifip8/confenis2007-2/NathSS07.pdf IIMB 2014, Supply Chain Management: Value Chain and Value Network Logics, retrieved on 4th February 2016 from https://www.iimb.ernet.in/docs/scmc-papers/Viqar%20Ali%20Baig.pdf

Women in Rap Music free essay sample

To what extent does your chosen subject either perpetuates oppressive gender attitudes/myths, or allows participants involved in it to transcend the limitations imposed by gender/gender myths? Gender Degradation of Rap and Hip-Hop Music Dating back to the eras of the Battles and the Relentlessness, music has always had an affect on the ways that people act, dress, and live their lives. With the arrival of rap and hip-hop music in the mid sasss, new lyrics and cultural values began to spread throughout the radio frequencies of every household and car in society.Rap revived a new form of music a music based upon fast and catchy rhythms that could launch an audience off of their seats, forcing them to dance in the isles of a concert or down the halls of their own home. Yet, with this form of entertainment gaining popularity so quickly, its affects gradually began to take a toll on the ways that individuals lived and perceived life. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Rap Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With lyrics promoting anger, violence, and substance abuse, society began to absorb what is sometimes called the gangster lifestyle. Through lyrics, music videos, and radio airtime, rap and hip-hop music has en able to positively expose the realities of the urban lifestyle, while promoting the degradation of women In a male dominated Industry; where female artists are scarce and are nearly forced to appeal lyrically and physically to males. With the arrival of the music video, rap and hip-hop artists were given the opportunity to express their lyrics in a visual form. Instead of directly relating the videos to some of the lyrics, rap artists decided to film videos that degraded the social and physical status of females in society.In various music videos, it is common or a female to be dressed in merely a bra and panties, dancing around a male for his own entertainment. This nearly nude image, which seems to depict a sense of power among males over females, is highly evident in the m usic video for the song The Thong Song by popular hip-hop artist Solos, formerly of the quartet Drug Hill. In this video, Solos sings about the thongs of women and how they shake it around for men. Not only are the lyrics to this song primarily about the body parts of females, but the video focuses on women of all different races dancing on the beach.Its not he fact that these women are dancing for fun, but it is the fact that these women are merely wearing a bathing suit top and a thong bottom piece. With their butt cracks revealed, the females in this video dance around Siss and other artists in this video. Siss is seen walking down the beach in one scene, Just viewing a line of females with their rears facing his face. Siss seems to have total power over these women, as he does back flips and dances along the sandy beach while grabbing and fondling any females that he chooses.In another particular scene, hip-hop artist Notion is seen toting in a hot tub with four other females; with all four females rubbing and touching the body of the sole male in the hot tub. These Images in the video alone show that women are merely seen as objects of sexual pleasure in rap and hip-hop music videos. The women nearly seem to look Like the slaves of the males, as they provide back rubs and belly dances for the spectators people call men. Not only are females depicted as sexual objects in music videos, but male rappers of their lyrics.In an article focused on the lyrical content of rap music, Victoria A. Brownout of Curve magazine claims that eighty percent of rap music is being performed by African-American males, yet the same percentage of the lyrical content is primarily discriminating against both females and homosexuals. This statistic researched by Brownout shows that even though hip-hop and rap music may have high entertainment value in the market, its true lyrical content is degrading to females, homosexuals, and even the buyer of the album.Furthermore, violence against females is evident within the lyrics of the song Stan by rap artist Mine. Amines lyrics state Shut up pitch! Im trying to talk! Hey Slim, thats my girlfriend screaming in the trunk but I didnt slit her throat, I Just tied her up, see I anti like you cause if she suffocates shell suffer more, and then shell die too. Well, goat go, Im almost at the bridge now Oh sit, I forgot, home I supposed to send this sit out? Amines lyrics depict a disturbing form of violence to society.In the lyrics, the reader can see that the male in the song has tied his girlfriend up, put her in the trunk, and is going to drive the car off of the bridge so that she drowns and suffocates inside the truck (Mine). These disturbing lyrics are a prime example of how females are beat and thrown around in many other rap lyrics promoting violence towards females in Americas society. Females are seen more as the objects of males, rather than individuals that have emotional and physical feelings of their own. These depictions harm the entire character of females and show the distinct weak nesses of abuse among many males in todays society.Along with the promotion of female abuse in the rap lyrics of many artists, one must realize that in a field that is primarily dominated by the men, few women seem o slip through the cracks and enter the rap and hip-hop music industry. In this industry very few females are taken seriously, which is obvious as Marl L. Shelton lists the few successful female rap artists in her article in Popular Music and Society. In her article, Shelton can only list the core of the artists that include TTL, Salt N EPA, Queen Latish, and MAC Late.Along with those four artists/groups, today there are merely three other famous rap artists, including: Missy Elliott, Ill Kim, and Eve. In an industry that is filled with sexist lyrics towards women, it is evident that these male artists wont be taken seriously lyrically. With very few females involved in the industry and males entering it nearly everyday, females remain a heavy minority among the hip-hop industry. Since the lyrics that the males rap about seem to express masculinity among these artists, rap music has taken upon the stereotype of being more masculine. Therefore when women enter the industry, it seems to be unacceptable for them to lyrically express feminine views. Feminine views are rarely seen among the lyrics of males, answering the question that females dont belong in he rap industry because it is the masculine territory of men. Furthermore, with females gradually beginning to work their way into the rap industry, they are forced to repress their true feminine views and produce lyrical content that appeals to males and contains more masculine aspects. Marl L.Shelton makes this evident in her article as she speaks on how women conform to masculine standards and base their lyrics on the idea of gangster rap. Shelton describes the scenes of various female music videos that tend to be based in an urban, crime- ale artist rather than that of a female artist. Along with conforming lyrically and visually to masculine settings, female artists have transformed from being more masculine and fully clothed to the feminine approach of less clothing that targets a male audience. Instead of standing for what they truly believe in, todays female artists direct their image and their lyrics on what will sell rather than what they personally value as an artist. Women rappers are often seen in music videos dressed wearing nothing but underwear, while rapping lyrics directed towards males. In the Eng How Many Licks by Ill Kim, the chorus talks about how many licks it is going to take the male to get to her the center of her body. The song also is filled with moans and sexual content that appeals to the sexual pleasures of males rather than to the artists own feminine satisfaction.Ill Kim focuses her song about various men that she has had sexual experiences with, degrading herself to the public, risking her image in an attempt to sell records rather than to promote the power of females. Even though women tend to be a source of degradation in hip-hop and rap music, his genre positively exposes the realities of the urban lifestyle. Rap music effectively shows the con ditions of the hood and helps to open the eyes of the listeners that life for everyone isnt easy and worry-free. In the song Changes by Outpace Shaker, the rapper illustrates an image of the common inner-city urban street.In his lyrics, Shaker describes a scene where white and blacks are enemies, and crack sellers are around every corner. Yet, even though these lyrics talk about the violence in the streets, it talks about needing to make a change within the society. Shaker raps We deed to make changes, Learn to see me as a brother instead of two distant strangers. And tats how its supposed to be. How can the devil take a brother if hes close to me, uh, I love to go back to when we played as kids, but things change, and thats the way it is. In the previous lyrics Outpace is encouraging peace within the community. He is encouraging whites and blacks to see each other more as individuals rather than two different enemies, but in the end he says that is Just the way the life is (filled with hatred). The ability that the rap and hip-hop genre has to expose how life really is in he ghetto not only can promote change, but it helps to show people of all socioeconomic backgrounds that life everywhere isnt truly kosher.Many of the rap lyrics composed by various artists focus on the neighborhoods that they live in, not generally depicting masculine views, but talking about how harsh urban life really is. As rap music continues to remain a top the music mainstream, new rappers continue to emerge daily from both the suburbs and the inner-city. With different tales to tell, rappers continue to conform to the ghetto image of the urban society. Yet, lyrically, rap music continues to express similar lyrics of female degradation and violence.And as the years pass, it is likely that more female artists will l and inside the rap and hip-hop music industry. Where violence is constantly being depicted, very few songs tend to express the true realities of urban life, limiting the views of people to only those of degradation towards women. And as long as the rap industry continues to remain popular among consumers, the lyrical content within the songs will never change; helping violence, hatred, and sexism survive in a society that is striving for change.